The Controversy of Head Start Essay Example

The Controversy of Head Start Essay Since the time the creation and execution of the Head Start program in 1965, there has consistently been debate over the projects viability. A significant part of the discussion stems over oneself announcing of proof that the National Head Start Association gives, both to the legislature and to general society, alongside the genuine effect Head Start has on the kids that partake in this questionable program. One thing is sure about the Head Start program and that will be that there will consistently be a reasonable division between its supporters and adversaries. The primary objective of the Head Start program is to give poor oppressed pre-school matured youngsters basically with a head start in instruction. Supporters of Head Start accept that by offering these types of assistance these poor oppressed kids would better adjust to the educational system and later become fruitful as grown-ups. Head Start isn't just about offering instructive types of assistance; the program likewise centers around giving both mental and physical wellbeing registration and nutritious dinners to the enlisted understudies. Head Start can't be portrayed just as a pre-school program. Head Start really assumes the job of a complete care group for poor oppressed kids and their families. This governmentally subsidized program feels the noose fixing due to plans to let singular states select in with their own state-run head start-like projects. Supporters of Head Start accept that by permitting this a larger part of financing that the government gives will be occupied from Head Start to develop new state-run programs. We will compose a custom paper test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you for just $16.38 $13.9/page Request now We will compose a custom paper test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer We will compose a custom paper test on The Controversy of Head Start explicitly for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Recruit Writer Defenders of Head Start see this as a danger to the strength of Head Start programs around the country. These people accept that by redirecting assets from a demonstrated program to dubious projects will leave, numerous if not every, qualified kid stranded. The Head Start contention is comparable from numerous points of view to the Social Security issue. Do we take what we have at the present time and give it to everybody without agonizing over the future or do we put resources into a demonstrated program for the advancement of things to come? This is just one of numerous inquiries that officials should cautiously weigh before focusing on a game-plan that could close the Head Start program down for good. Each program, either government or state, has its rivals and the Head Start program is no special case. Adversaries of Head Start accept that the data and information gave with respect to Head Start is slanted and one-sided. The case that Head Start programs advantage kids at the present time and will later profit as grown-ups is unverified. Still others accept that Head Start is a draining ulcer with no possibility of recuperation and as opposed to blood is losing billions of dollars consistently. As opposed to leaving the running of Head Start in the possession of individual program managers, state officials need more control through the type of state-direct subsidizing. This causes an issue for Head Start on the grounds that past information concerning awards for different projects show that deserting by the central legislature of direct inclusion of a program prompts the inevitable disintegration of financing. This can be brought about by state officials slicing or occupying financing to different projects or even the all out conclusion of a program so as to adjust state spending plans. Regardless of what the result is over the discussion of Head Start, there will be one clear washout and that is the youngsters that would have profited by the wide scope of administrations gave by Head Start. Then again, state budgetary concerns ought to likewise be mulled over in view of the potential effect charge increments and spending reductions would have on inhabitants of individual states. All things considered it would not be astute to rapidly achieve the destruction of a demonstrated youth program by changing it from head start to impasse.

CHAPTER 31 Essays - Communication, News, Sociology Of Knowledge

Part 31 Essays - Communication, News, Sociology Of Knowledge Part 31 Monetary, SOCIAL , AND CULTURAL CHANGE IN THE LATE 20TH CENTURY Part Outline I.A Changing People A.An Aging, Shifting Population B.The New Immigration C.The Metropolitan Nation II.Economic Transformation A.New Technologies B.Changes in the Structure and Operations of Business C.The Financial Sector D.The Sports-Entertainment Industry III.Culture and Media A.The Video Revolution B.Hollywood C.The Changing Media Environment for Pop Music D.New Mass Culture Debates E.The Religious Landscape Sequence 1971Starbucks Coffee opens first store 1972Congress passes Title IX (Patsy Mink Equal Opportunity in Education Act) 1973Federal Express really gets started 1977Congress passes Community Reinvestment Act 1978Supreme Court choice liberates banks to move charge card activities 1979ESPN joins satellite TV lineup 1981MTV and CNN debut on satellite TV 1982Congress loosens up guidelines of SLs 1986Congress passes Immigration Reform and Control Act 1987Prices accident on New York Stock Exchange and afterward bounce back 1988Fox broadcasting company starts 1989Congress authorizes bailout plan for SL industry 1990Congress passes another Immigration Act 1991First McDonalds opens in Moscow 1995Amazon.com starts selling books on the web 1996Fox News Network debut 2000Human Genome Project issues primer draft Talk Outline 1.The United States has consistently been a changing people and its populace socioeconomics since 1980 mirror the continuation of this condition. a.Declining birth rates, increasing future, and a longing for hotter atmospheres consolidated to deliver a maturing, moving populace. b.The Sunbelt additionally demonstrated appealing to a huge level of the new movement from Latin America and Asia. c.Continued trip of organizations and people to suburbia has carried change and emergency to the metropolitan country. 2.The flood in accessible shopper merchandise and new advancements would make significant financial changes in the country. a.The reception of PCs and the ascent of virtual wellsprings of data is maybe the more clear of the new innovations that prodded a data unrest in the country. b.Computerization drives the route in huge changes in the structure and tasks of business as new strategies for enormous scope worldwide business activities and online organizations come to command a significant part of the corporate world. c.The money related area experienced incredible changes because of the data upset since PCs permitted complex exchanges on a worldwide scale to get standard. d.Enriched by new, bigger media contracts and astute showcasing of individual competitors and groups, the games media outlet consistently developed. This development was assisted with approach of the all-sports arrange, ESPN. 3.Technological change has significantly changed mainstream society and media. a.The video unrest, which permitted watchers the alternative to record presently, observe later, combined with the unstable development in the quantity of specialty link stations, got a consistent decrease the general viewership of system TV. b.In Hollywood, since the 1970s, the TV and film industry moved programming needs with an end goal to draw in more youthful watchers. An emphasis on large spending plan, blockbuster motion pictures decreases the general number of movies delivered, while the appearance of DVDs made another income stream of film organizations outside of the theater. c.The changing media condition for popular music during the 1980s saw the ascent of satellite TV and new advances, for example, CDs for music. The capacity of shoppers to utilize clear CDs to make top notch home accounts made another test of bootlegging inside the business. d.The media upset, with its large number of channels seeking consideration with expanding emotionalism and sound-nibbles, started another mass-culture banter led by the individuals who contended for insightful thought of mainstream society. e.Since the 1960s, the strict scene had experienced significant changes on the grounds that the intrigue and assorted variety of confidence increased. Numerous outsiders showed up with solid convictions, including the country's first critical Islamic development, while gatherings, for example, Protestants and Mormons developed at rates quicker than everyone. End: During the past 25 years, the United States has encountered major developments in socioeconomics, financial aspects, culture, and society. The most noticeable improvement in American mainstream society was the multiplication of the video screen.

Feminism Essay Topics - Where to Start

Feminism Essay Topics - Where to StartFeminist theory essay topics are actually a great starting point for a professor to begin a discussion in the classroom. By looking at issues that have been litigated in the court room, one can easily get some ideas on how to approach the subject. By taking a look at both sides of the case and then coming to your own conclusion on what it means, you will be in a better position to teach others. What you as a teacher can learn from a well-written feminist theory essay topic is about what a reasonable and educated opinion can do to improve the lives of women.When looking into feminist theory essay topics you want to first start with a look at the history of feminism. After all, feminism started in England and has had quite a few important results throughout the world. Most people know that the suffragettes who were used to walking the streets and declaring their freedoms weren't always pleasant sights. Some of them fought for many years for the rig hts that are now celebrated and put their lives on the line. What if there were other women who have faced such hardships?How would they react if you placed these other women in the feminist theory essay topics that you are looking at? What if you had different views on the same issues as these individuals and maybe had some past tense accomplishments that you could draw on? A well-written feminist theory essay topic can help people understand this. In addition, what if you had gone through some of the challenges yourself?As you are considering feminist theory essay topics, what other factors come to mind? Perhaps you may be thinking of something that the writer of this essay could have done. By having an idea of what the author could have done to further the cause of feminism, you can better understand the thoughts and ideas that were expressed in the essay.When you are thinking about feminist theory essay topics, consider the other points of view that they represent. What do these other points of view to say about the struggles and hopes of women in society today? What issues do they face on a daily basis? Look to see if there is something that can be done about these issues. And finally, if you find something that could help women in need, try to consider a solution or resource for helping them.Another great idea when looking into feminist theory essay topics is to look into the curriculum in your school. Many schools have recently introduced more feminism and all of the different areas of the whole. This will help you get an idea of what has already been taught and the others that are in the pipeline for the future.Finally, think about things that are in your own life that could apply to the feminist theory essay topics that you are looking at. For example, what is it that you would like to change in your own life? Feminism doesn't have to mean an end to the things that you love, it just means that you are a part of the world today. You may also want to co nsider some options that have already been discussed so that you will know what to look for when you are looking at a feminist theory essay topic.So, as you look into feminist theory essay topics, be sure to keep these tips in mind. You want to use these ideas to help you with the essay, but at the same time also let yourself be able to keep an open mind. And in the end, remember that feminism has so much more to offer than a bit of high drama or the occasional banner drop!

Teenage Alcohol Abuse Essay - 726 Words

Is there ever going to be an end of teenagers drinking before they are allowed to according to law? In today’s society teenagers walk around as if they know exactly what is good for them, as if they are invincible. Take a look at the number of crashes caused every year by teenage under-aged drinkers and how alcohol effects their future and see how bold of a word invincibility is. Issues that need to be considered when it comes to alcohol are the medical conditions it gives people, how alcohol effects each teenagers future, and who the people are that are inspiring teenagers to drink. People have the right to drink but because of law teenagers are not legally allowed to. There is a reason for everything and this is to keep everyone†¦show more content†¦That is a lot for a country of 4,144,056. If teenagers started drinking young, then the percentage would rise each year. It is a fact that one in five New Zealanders will suffer from an alcohol use disorder at som e time in their life. Instead of making the numbers rise, adults, the people teenagers look up to, should be reinforcing the law to make sure it does not happen. There is no need for 150 people to die a year because of drinks. There is no need at all. Is alcohol going to effect a teenagers future? Well of course it is. Unless they dislike the taste of it, it is likely that alcohol will be accepted into the system and drinking it will become a habit. The drinking age was not put there for show, it is there so teenagers keep themselves and others out of harms way. A teenagers body has not yet fully been developed and drinking will effect their brain and the way it grows. If some one is pregnant and they have a small glass repeatedly it will no doubt effect the growth of their baby and the next 70 years of its life. Not only does alcohol effect the brain and body, it can change habits and lives. If a teenager starts drinking young they are bound to carry on through out their whole life. When they are 25 they could think that they are capable of driving after six drinks because they have done it before. Anything can happen to a drunk driverShow MoreRelatedTeenage Alcohol Abuse1465 Words   |  6 PagesAlcohol Abuse in Teenagers Underage alcohol abuse is a growing problem in the lives of teenagers today. Almost 80% of high school students have tried alcohol (Dowshen). To effectively combat this growing epidemic, teens need to understand the effects of consuming alcohol, and adults need to recognize the problem and effectively prevent alcohol abuse. Though many teenagers do not realize it, alcohol can significantly affect a teen’s life, including short-term impacts on the teen’s popularity andRead MoreTeenage Alcohol Abuse2826 Words   |  12 Pages Teenage Alcohol Abuse/Addiction 550-150-2W7A Psychopharmacology Instructor Dennis Markus, MSW, LCSW, C-SAC Tracy L. Murray (Rego) MSW, LCSW, CTS 11 November 2009 The dangers of teenage alcohol abuse are underestimated in our country due to the social acceptability of the drug alcohol. The social acceptability of alcohol itself is seen by the frequency it is categorized separately from other drugs and substances when we talk about use and abuse. Alcohol is a drugRead MoreTeenage Drug And Alcohol Abuse978 Words   |  4 PagesTeenage drug and alcohol abuse is becoming a major problem in the United States. Abuse of illicit substances eventually leads to an addiction. Drug and alcohol addiction is a disease, and it is contagious. It does not spread through germs; it spreads through families, schools, and communities. There are two youth prevention programs that try to exceed at decreasing the drug and alcohol abuse in teenagers. They are the D.A.R.E. program and the Serenity House based out of Texas. The D.A.R.E. programRead MoreTeenage Drinking And The Abuse Of Alcohol1283 Words   |  6 PagesTeenage drinking and the abuse of alcohol/smoking. Alcohol abuse can cause wrecks, smoking can cause many different cancers. Whenever people under age consume alcohol, they tend to do stuff that they will regret. Whenever people under age smoke they have some sort of cancer in/on their body. When adults drink they still have a chance to wreck but the percentage of adults getting in a wreck is less of a chance of an underage drinker. They have age restrictions for a reason. E-cigarettes areRead MoreTeenage Drug And Alcohol Abuse2166 Words   |  9 PagesTeenage drug and alcohol abuse can come from a number of different factors such as emotional disorders, stress, social events and other adolescent pressures. Adolescent is a period of time when teens have a lot of pressures to fit in, establish their own identities, it’s also a time of growth and development, and also the great desire to fit in which leads teens to give into peer pressure. Teens are going through an emotional change in themselves emotionally, physically and also hormonally duringRead MoreTeenage Alcohol Abuse Essay2212 Words   |  9 PagesTeenage alcohol abuse is one of the major problems that affect academic performance, cause health problems and is responsible for the death of teenage drivers and sometime their passengers. Many teens drink because they think it is cool and do not understand the dangers of drinking alcohol. In 2008 a survey on the students views on alcohol wa s conducted in the Atlanta Public School System of 4,241 students surveyed results showed 74% of sixth graders felt there was a health risk while 25% felt thereRead MoreInfluence of Drug and Alcohol Abuse Amoung Kenyan Teenage Education5708 Words   |  23 PagesSCHOOL OF COMPUTER SCIENCE RESEARCH PROPOSAL. Influence of drug and alcohol abuse among Kenyan teenage Education. BY BRIAN MUNGA (J15-3021-11) TAKEN BY: Catherine Mavyala DECLARATION I declare that Influence of drug and alcohol abuse among Kenyan teenage Education is my own work and that all the sources that I have used or quoted have been indicated and acknowledged by means of complete references. †¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦Ã¢â‚¬ ¦.. 07 August 2012 SignatureRead MoreTeenage Alcoholism1078 Words   |  5 Pages1. According to statistics on alcoholism and alcohol abuse statistics, even though alcohol has been used in a number of diverse ways. a. Throughout history these ways can be called useful, however, known thousands of years ago that abusive and excessive drinking led to negative outcomes and adverse alcohol side effects. b. The symptoms associated with this are mostly societal and personal problems. 2. Research studies have shown that teenage alcoholism is correlated to the age at which teensRead MoreEssay on Teenage Drinking In America920 Words   |  4 Pagesworld. A subject that needs special attention is the abuse of alcohol by teens. Statistics show that there is a problem currently between teens and alcohol. There are many causes of teenage drinking and effects that prove that drinking is an important issue that needs to be dealt with to preserve American teenagers. Teenage drinking will become worse of a problem if it continues unchecked on its current path to destruction. Alcohol abuse among teenagers in the United States is a plague thatRead MoreThe Effects Of Alcohol And Teen Drinking1069 Words   |  5 Pagesto Dryden-Edwards (2), teenage drinking is widespread, and teenagers believe that it is acceptable. But, teenagers’ bodies are still developing. They fail to realize that consuming alcohol places them in danger  for numerous issues.   Consuming alcohol is more widespread among teenagers than most realize. Alcohol and Teen Drinking (1) reports that three-fourths of seniors,  a little over two-thirds of Sophomores, and two out of five 8th graders have experimented with alcohol. With rising statistical

Essay on Developmental Theories

Developmental theories are attempts by psychologists to understand how humans develop from childhood through adolescence to adulthood. Most of the theories were advanced after extensive studies were conducted on the human development cycle. This was a clear contrast from what used to happen before these theories were advanced; children were considered as smaller adults and their development was never of great concern (Crain, 2010). The existence of several theories in this particular area of human psychology indicates that there are different approaches and accepted interpretations on the influences on a person’s development. The theories are however inter-related in a few aspects such as that most of them argue that human development occurs in stages or phases that are mainly reliant on the age of a person. When applied interactively, the theories offer valuable insight on the development of humans in terms of cognition, emotion and their physical aspect. This paper shall foc us on the developmental theories, their similarities and differences. The theories on human development were advanced by theorists such as Freud, Piaget, Vygotsky, Gestalt and Erikson. However since analyzing all the theories in the paper would reduce the effectiveness of noting their differences and inter-relation, the paper shall mainly focus on the theories by Piaget, Freud and Vygotsky. Jean Piaget’s Theory According to Piaget, how a person understands something is based on their understanding and interpretation of events in the world. Piaget believes that there are four stages through which a person goes through during development of their cognition. The sensor motor level extends up to when a child is two years from the time they are born. At this stage, a child understands that they are independent of their environment. This understanding is founded on the child learning that objects and people continue to exist even when not in the child’s sight. Before a child fully completes this stage they normally feel that things have been lost or people have gone for good when they are not in their sight. The second level in cognitive development is referred to as the preoperational level and this is where the child begins to acquire language skills. This level is also characterized by personification of things by the child. At this stage it is common to see a child having a conversatio n with their toys based on the assumption that they also have hearing abilities. This stage happens in a child’s second year up to their 7th year. My 7 year old son has been going through this stage and it has been interesting to see him personalize some of his things such as the toy fire- fighters I bring him; he believes they can hear him as he commands them on how to put mock fires. The third stage according to Piaget is the concrete stage. At this level a person can manipulate their acquired knowledge to create awareness and understanding. The last stage suggested by Piaget was the formal operations level where a person is able to understand things they can’t see or have never even seen. Sigmund Freud The psychoanalysis theory was developed by Freud though other psychological theorists have added on it. Its main focus is on the study of how humans behave and function psychologically. Its 3 main integral components are a methodology for treating psychological illnesses, a methodology for investigating the mind and how a person thinks, and a theory system on human behavior. The theory system involves several theories which differ on many points but all of them are centered on how strong our unconscious elements influence the way we think. Freud noted that at certain points in person’s early development, the behavior of children is oriented around particular parts of the body; during breastfeeding the child’s behavior is concentrated on the mouth, on the anus during training on toilet usage, the latter later shifts to the genitals. The theorist believed that at infancy humans are polymorphously perverse; this means that they excite themselves sexually from any body part (Meggitt, 2006). Later these changes due to influences brought about by socialization. According to the theory, there are 5 stages through which a child goes through in their development; oral, latency, phallic, anal and genital. The oral stage is the first one and it extends from birth up to when a child is 2 years old. At this stage, the child derives their pleasure from activities involving the mouth. This is mainly because this is the stage the child is being nursed and fed by the care givers. The Id is dominant here as the super ego and ego have not yet fully developed. This translates to the child not possessing a sense of self and hence all the child’s actions are centered on the pleasure principle. The 2nd stage is the anal stage where the child’s activities are mainly concentrated on the anus. This stage extends to the 3rd year from the 15th month. It is important to note that the formation of the ego is still continuing at this stage. The excitement of the child around the anus is believed to come from the toilet training they are getting. The Id conflict that arises at this stage is also of significant influence to the child. The 3rd stage, phallic stage, goes to 5 years from 3 years. The child derives pleasure from activities involving their genitals. It should be understood that though the focus is on the genitals it is not in a sexual way since the child is still immature sexually. This age is also characterized by a child’s increased interest in their bodies, those of their parents and their friends. The oedipal conflict is also existent at this stage as a child becomes attracted to parents of the opposite sex. The latency stage is where the habits acquired in the latter stages are solidified. The Id drives are inaccessible to the ego at this stage as they have already been repressed at the phallic stage. The drives are hence said to be hidden or latent; hence the name. Children at this stage may however experience some conflicts if the oedipal conflict has not been resolved. The final stage is the genital stage, which starts at puberty up to when development stops at around 18 years. The main task at this level is the child’s detachment from their parents or guardians. The individual also gets to early childhood residues at this stage. The ego uses secondary processes and hence love relationships may be formed at this stage. Families are also developed when children get to this stage and also the child gets to accept the responsibilities that come with adulthood. Vygotsky Vygotsky believed that children acquire knowledge through interacting with the culture around them. According to the theorist, learning is optimum when students are allowed to learn in their ZPD (Driscoll, 1994). For a student to get to this ZPD, Vygotsky believed that they needed guidance by an adult or more experienced person who is commonly referred to as the MKO. This theory can be applied in class by teachers by pairing weak students with stronger students academically. The stronger students will help the weaker ones attain their ZPD. This theory can also be applied in my profession, fire fighting, by pairing up inexperienced fire fighters with the experienced ones so that the rookies may get to learn techniques involved in the profession. This theory focuses on the interconnection between people and the socio-cultural context in which they interact in. Vygotsky argued that people utilized tools that were developed from culture for mediation in their social environments. Some of these tools were writing and speech. At the initial stages these tools were developed to communicate the person’s needs though their internalization led to improved cognitive skills. Similarities between the Theories Piaget’s theory was similar to Vygotsky’s in that they both used constructivism approach in their works. This approach considers that cognition comes from mental construction. This means that people learn new things by putting together information they already have with new information. This approach was however different to what Freud used in his works as he used a behaviorist approach to advance his argument. Both Piaget and Vygotsky believed that the learning process is affected by the attitudes of the students and also the context in which new information is taught. Vygotsky’s theory was also similar to that of Piaget in that both theorists believed that cognitive growth boundaries are set by influences of the society. Freud on the other part believed that learning was influenced by other factors such as age and what was being taught. Though Piaget and Freud had differences in their theories they both shared the belief that a person’s development is influenced by what stage of life they are at the moment. They also showed that this development was visible on the activities they are required to do at the various stages. Differences between the Theories According to Vygotsky, Piaget had advanced a quantifiable technique that was to revolutionize study of cognition in children. However, Vygotsky believed that there were flaws in Piaget’s theory and hence the former sought to rectify them. Vygotsky emphasized on egocentrism in his studies in a move seen as an attempt to cater for the flaws that were in Piaget’s work. The interpretation Vygotsky had of Piaget’s work, egocentrics speech represented the preoperational stage of development. Sigmund’s work was different from Piaget’s in that it used a qualitative approach to understanding human development. Most of the stages involved in Freud’s theory are not quantifiable and as such may be missed at times or influenced by other factors leading to wrong interpretation. Under normal conditions, social speech is developed in children after they acquire egocentric speech. Logic came about in later developmental stages according to Piaget. From this, the theorist states that egocentric thought connects inner speech and logic. Egocentric speech has no future at the schools level and decreases as it does not fulfill any objective. Piaget believed that it decreased as egocentrism disappeared; Vygotsky pointed out some of what he believed were Piaget’s methodological assumptions that were erroneous. He had greatly overlooked the role of activity in the child with regard to the thought process; the second error of Piaget’s work according to Vygotsky was that he had combined philosophy and psychology though he avoided theorizing (Tharpe and Gallimore, 1988). According to Piaget and Freud, students acquire new knowledge through interactions with the environment.   Vygotsky believed that learning took place before development due to symbolism and history (Meggitt, 2006). Piaget and Freud had combined learning with development while Vygotsky had viewed the two as separate processes. Piaget argued that cognitive development was brought about by interactions with the environment while Freud believed this was brought about by a person’s psyche: id, super ego and ego. It should be noted that the theories by Freud were mainly concerned with mental orders as compared to the others which dealt with normal functioning. Interaction of Cognitive, Physical and Emotional Development in a Child’s overall Development A child’s cognitive, physical and emotional development stages are all inter-related and sometimes dependent on each other.   This is because the growth of a child does not happen cognitively alone but also emotionally and physically. According Piaget, cognitive development occurs at various ages in life and impacts on how a person relates to others; emotional development. Also in the case of young girls, it is their physical development of breasts that at times leads them to shy off from speaking in public. This shying off is a stage in their emotional development and hence showing the relationship between cognition and emotion in development. Also at such stages as the anal stage, a child mainly bases their activities around their anus; they draw some emotional satisfaction from this part of the body. This emotional satisfaction comes about because the child is becoming aware of their physical development a process aided by cognitive development through toilet lessons offered by the guardians. In the Freud theories, it is argued that children are born polymorphously perverse which means that they can get sexual excitement- a form of emotion- from any part of their body though this changes later as the child’s cognitive development on the issue of sex is shaped in a particular way by societal influences. Importance of the Knowledge on Developmental Theories in helping Children achieve their potential Knowledge on the stages that children undergo during their development helps in understanding the problems they experience at different stages of their development. This helps the parent, teacher or guardian facilitate solving of this problem so that the pursuance of the child’s goals cannot be affected. This knowledge also helps in understanding what knowledge requirements children have at different stages of development. Hence the relevant person can provide this information and avoid the child getting wrong information from elsewhere. For example the knowledge would help a parent with a child in the genital stage of Freud’s theory understand that their child requires sex knowledge; however, the parent would be well advised to seek another person to give this knowledge as their child is at a stage where they are seeking to be independent from the parent (Crain, 2010). Conclusion As can be seen above, the developmental theories are inter-related though there also are differences in some of their approaches to human development. The 3 theories used in this paper have shown this inter-relation and differences. Knowledge on these theories is important not only to people studying psychologists but to all those interacting with children as they help them understand how the children think; hence helping the children achieve their potential REFERENCES Meggitt, C. (2006). Child Development. London: Heinemann. Crain, C.W. (2010). Theories of Development: Concepts and Applications. New Jersey: Prentice Hall. Driscoll, M. P. (1994). Psychology of Learning for Instruction. Massachusetts: Allyn Bacon. Tharpe, R. G., Gallimore, R (1988). Rousing minds to life. Cambridge, MA. Cambridge University Press.

Nature Vs. Nurture Biological And Social Factors Essay

Nature vs. nurture is a well known argument that is often discussed by many psychologists, philosophers, and even everyday people. It raises the question on whether individual identity is shaped through biological factors, social factors, or if it is affected by both factors. Moreover, this argument delves into the territories of vertical and horizontal identities as well. A vertical identity includes the biological and social factors inherited from parents, while a horizontal identity consists of biological and social forces that are not inherited from the parents and therefore make the individual different. These two forms of identities are primarily constricted within a family point of view. A child exhibits either vertical or horizontal identities based on the identities expressed by his or her parents. These vertical identities that a child exhibits, are supported and nurtured by the parents, while the horizontal identities that the child has are constantly being â€Å"correcte d† and â€Å"fixed†. Society also plays a major role in the nurturing of both vertical and horizontal identities. Based on the environment that the individual will be raised in, an individual’s identity will either flourish and grow, or dwindle and be hidden behind a persona that the individual puts on to please the public. This dance performed between nature and nurture is examined by Karen Ho in her essay â€Å"Biographies of Hegemony†, in Susan Faludi’s essay â€Å"The Naked Citadel†, and Andrew Solomon’s essayShow MoreRelatedEssay on Nature vs Nurture1052 Words   |  5 PagesNature vs. Nurture M. B. Liberty University Psychology 101 Nature vs. Nurture There has been extensive debate between scholars in the field of psychology surrounding the Nature vs. Nurture issue. Both nature and nurture determine who we are and neither is solely independent of the other. â€Å"As the area of a rectangle is determined by its length and its width, so do biology and experience together create us.†(Myers, 2008, p. 8) Carl Gustav Jung, and leading thinker and creator of analyticalRead MoreNature Vs Nurture : The Biological Approach962 Words   |  4 Pages Nature vs Nurture is something that has been researched for many years especially when it comes to finding the reason for someone committing a crime. When talking about nature, I am talking about how you are born. The genes that you are born with that make you who you are. When referring to nurture I am talking about how someone is raised. Such as the environment you live in and what is taught to you. As humans we cannot control our nature it is simply what you are born with. When you are born youRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate878 Words   |  4 Pagestraits produced by genetics or shaped by the environment? Or, is there a relationship between nature and nurture with regards to child development? The debate continues. While some believe â€Å"nature and nurture work together, others believe they are separate and opposing influences† (McDevitt, 2010). Nature vs Nurture In regards to the nature vs. nurture debate, â€Å"this debate is a major issue in many social science disciplines and is concerned with the influence that biology, genetics, and overallRead MoreHomosexuality : Nature And Nature871 Words   |  4 PagesHomosexuality: Nature or nurture By: Clifnie francois Advance Placement Psychology Mr. Cuetara June 4 2015 Abstract The nature and nature of homosexuality is heavily debated. Some people believe that homosexuality is biologically determined and others believe it’s base on ones environment. This topic can be argue to be base on both nature and nurture. Studies conducted in the past decades support both the biological and environmentalRead MoreThe Effect Of Environmental And Genetics On The Development Of A Person1000 Words   |  4 Pagesrole in the development of a person. Both nature and nurture have been proven to play an important role in one’s development. Nature is what we think of as pre-wiring and is influenced by genetic inheritance and other biological factors. Nurture is generally taken as the influence of external factors after conception e.g. the product of exposure, experience and learning on an individual. Throughout this paper the effects of environmental and genetics factors on a person will be discussed, and one willRead MoreSerial Killers1314 Words   |  6 Pagestoday is the debate over nature versus nurture. With that debate going on there are many topics that are being researched under it, like serial killers, and what drives them to do what they do. Many scientists are still researching whether or not if serial killers are driven by the way they were raised or if it is a part of their genes. This literature review will analyze what people think about the nature versus nurture debate. It will talk about the nature side and the nurture side of the debate.Read MoreNature Vs. Nurture : Addiction1102 Words   |  5 Pages Nature vs. Nurture: Addiction Introduction Psychology is a developing science which studies the mental functions, processes, and behaviors of an individual. In the science of psychology, many debates arise; nature vs. nurture is one of the most popular ones. These psychological debates are followed by research, backing up either nature or nurture or both. Nature suggest heredity impacts human psychological development; nurture suggests the environment impacts our psychologicalRead MoreClassical Theories Vs Psychological And Physical1712 Words   |  7 PagesJohn Anderton, Classical Theories vs Psychological and Physical Passivism 1 The Minority Report movie is about a dubious yet powerful Pre-Crime program that utilizes psychic visions to imprison potential killers before they have acted. The film brings up concerns with the blemishes and disappointments of equity and science against the background of wrongful conviction. The film also deals with mass imprisonment, DNA innovation, and preventive detainment of warehousing criminals on the guise of futureRead MoreChild Development: Heredity and Environment1240 Words   |  5 Pagesbetween nature versus nurture or even environment versus heredity leads to the question of: does the direct environment or the nature surrounding an adolescent directly influence acts of delinquency, later progressing further into more radical crimes such as murder or psychotic manifestation, or is it directly linked to the hereditary traits and genes passed down from that individual adolescent’s biological parents? To answer this question one must first understand the differen ce between nature, nurtureRead MoreNature Vs. Nurture Debate1332 Words   |  6 PagesNature vs Nurture debate is one of the oldest arguments in the history of psychology. The debate is about to know if our personality and talents come from our parent or environment? The coding of genes in each cell in humans determine the different traits that we have, more physical attributes dominance like ear size, eye colour, , height, hair colour and other traits. However, it is still not known whether the more abstract attributes like, intelligence, sexual orientation, personality, preferences

The Stranger By Albert Camus Essay Example For Students

The Stranger By Albert Camus Essay In The Stranger, Albert Camus portrays Meursault, the books narrator and main character, as aloof, detached, and unemotional. He does not think much about events or their consequences, nor does he express much feeling in relationships or during emotional times. He displays an impassiveness throughout the book in his reactions to the people and events described in the book. After his mothers death he sheds no tears; seems to show no emotions. He displays limited feelings for his girlfriend, Marie Cardona, and shows no remorse at all for killing an Arab. His reactions to life and to people distances him from his emotions, positive or negative, and from intimate relationships with others, thus he is called by the books title, the stranger. While this behavior can be seen as a negative trait, there is a young woman who seems to want to have a relationship with Meursault and a neighbor who wants friendship. He seems content to be indifferent, possibly protected from pain by his indifferen ce. Meursault rarely shows any feeling when in situations which would, for most people, elicit strong emotions. Throughout the vigil, watching over his mothers dead body, and at her funeral, he never cries. He is, further, depicted enjoying a cup of coffee with milk during the vigil, and having a smoke with a caretaker at the nursing home in which his mother died. The following day, after his mothers funeral, he goes to the beach and meets a former colleague named Marie Cardona. They swim, go to a movie, and then spend the night together. Later in their relationship, Marie asks Meursault if he wants to marry her. He responds that it doesnt matter to him, and if she wants to get married, he would agree. She then asks him if he loves her. To that question he responds that he probably doesnt, and explains that marriage really isnt such a serious thing and doesnt require love. This reaction is fairly typical of Meursault as portrayed in the book. He appears to be casual and indifferent about life events. Nothing seems to be very significant to him. Later on in the book, after he kills an Arab, not once does he show any remorse or guilt for what he did. Did he really feel nothing? Camus seems to indicate that Meursault is almost oblivious and totally unruffled and untouched by events and people around him. He is unwilling to lie, during his trial, about killing the Arab. His reluctance to get involved in defending himself results in a verdict of death by guillotine. Had Meursault been engaged in his defense, explaining his actions, he might have been set free. Meursaults unresponsive behavior, distant from any apparent emotions, is probably reinforced by the despair which he sees open and feeling individuals experience. He observes, for example, Raymond cheated on and hurt by a girlfriend, and sees his other neighbor, Salamano, very depressed when he loses a dear companion, his dog. Meursaults responses are very different, he doesnt get depressed at death nor does he get emotionally involved. He appears to be totally apathetic. Thus, he seems to feel no pain and is protected from lifes disappointments. Sometimes a person like Meursault can be appealing to others because he is so non-judgmental and uncritical, probably a result of indifference rather than sympathetic feelings. His limited involvement might attract some people because an end result of his distance is a sort of acceptance of others, thus he is not a threat to their egos. Raymond Sintes, a neighbor who is a pimp, seems to feel comfortable with Meursault. Sintes does not have to justify himself because Meursault doesnt comment on how Sintes makes money or how he chooses to live his life. Even though Meursault shows no strong emotions or deep affection, Marie, his girlfriend, is still attracted and interested in him. She is aware of, possibly even fascinated by, his indifference. Despite the seemingly negative qu .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .postImageUrl , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:hover , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:visited , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:active { border:0!important; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:active , .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011 .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u66db502d78ac814b35946a97b70fb011:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Animal Satire Essay

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The Exclusionary Rule Essays

The Exclusionary Rule Essays The Exclusionary Rule Essay The Exclusionary Rule Essay The Exclusionary Rule is a fundamental constitutional principle of criminal procedure law in the United States. Generally, it prohibits the criminal trial of any evidence seized or otherwise obtained in violation of Amendment to the Constitution. Under the Exclusionary Rule, improperly evidence that leads to the subsequent discovery of other incriminating automatically invalidates or poisons the newly discovered derivative same way that a poisonous tree taints the fruits growing on any of its. While it derives from the Fourth Amendment, it is not actually anywhere within the text of the Constitution or its Amendments. In fact, judicially created more than a century after the Constitution was ratified the Fourth Amendment included within the Bill of Rights in 1791 (Tinsley). The right of the people to be secure in their persons, house, papers, and effects, against unreasonable searches and seizures, shall not be violated, and no Warrants shall issue, but upon probable cause, supported by Oath or affirmation, and particularly describing the place to be searched, and the persons or things to be seized. At British Common Law, any evidence of guilt was admissible into and proof of guilt was considered to excuse any illegal conduct involved in it, even retroactively, in effect, functioning as an absolute defense on police or government authorities who violated the law (Tinsley): where a Man arrests another, who is actually guilty of the Crime for which he is arrested, it seems, That he needs not in justifying it, set forth any special Cause of his Suspicion, but may say in general, that the Party feloniously did such a Fact, for which he arrested him.

Discuss weather or not aggression is learnt with reference to research Essay

Discuss weather or not aggression is learnt with reference to research - Essay Example Additional elements of aggression include that the target of the aggression must feel intimidated by the aggressive action and feel that deliberate harm is intended by the person exhibiting aggressive behaviour (Anderson, 2002). The two key elements to note here are harm and intension. The perpetrator must intend to harm the victim. This can easily be understood by an example. If a boy comes snatches my younger brother’s pencil box, pushes him and starts running away, my brother would get furious. As a result if my brother chases the boy who ran with his pencil box, catches him and then slaps him that would be an example of aggressive behaviour. If on the other hand, my brother is playing soccer and unintentionally bumps into a player due to inertia that would not characterize as aggression. The reason is that the intention to harm was missing (Kinsella, 2004). Aggression and Violence: It is also important to establish the difference between aggression and violence. Where aggr ession means the intention to harm someone, violence refers to the intention of harming someone to an extreme level. Depending on the motive, aggression can further be divided into hostile or instrumental (Anderson, 2002). Different researchers and psychologists have done a lot of work on aggression and its causality. For the purpose of this paper, I will cite facts from a few of the works and answer the question as to whether aggression is learnt of innate. In the words of Sally Gadsdon, â€Å"If aggression is innate then all cultures should be equally aggressive, but this is obviously not the case.† I partially agree with this statement, since it is true that in our daily lives we meet hundreds of people belonging to the same culture, yet not equally aggressive. This does suggest something about aggression as an inherited trait. However tracking the roots of aggression is not as simple as it may seem. Is Aggression Learnt? From the point of view of the Social Learning Theor y, aggression is learnt from interactions with one’s social surroundings. It basically yields aggression as a product of the observation of a person’s environment; therefore it states that aggression is learnt. The Scripts Theory incorporates the element of the media into the social Learning Theory and states that aggression is learnt through the content which we observe on the mass media. The Social Interactions Theory further extends the concept of learned aggression to the idea of extrinsic motivation provided for aggressive acts, which breed aggression. For example, when new assassins join mafia gangs they are offered very generous monetary rewards which motivate them towards killing somebody. Therefore, in a way their aggression is motivated by the monetary value which they will get as a reward for their aggression (Anderson, 2002). All these theories build on the Frustration- Aggression hypothesis, which states that aggression is an outcome of frustration and fru stration is felt owing to our surroundings. Maslow did not approve the idea of simple frustration leading to aggressio

Fashion Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Fashion - Essay Example The statement by Quentin Tarantino is noteworthy. He says, ‘the mark of any good action movie is that when you get through seeing it, you want to dress like the character.’ In this respect cinema’s role is not just promoting but also regulating customer culture. and /or the star persona, how they quote or appropriate from earlier films, how they relate to haute couture, say or drag shows. Often, the cinema looses depth by not being better connected to what audience members were wearing or wanted to wear. Thus the book provides invaluable insights to the new theorizing of costume in cinema. While discussing on the role of costumes in cinema it is worth mentioning the essay in Invisible Fashions by Akbar Abbas, who talks about the way in which certain types of theory can themselves become fashionable. (Wollen). â€Å"Clothes can primarily be considered as bearers of social identity and weaving, an approach which originate in the post modern discursive field where cultural studies meet semiotics.† (Wollen). It is quite noteworthy that clothes are intimately related to wearers and their bodies of course, but they also have their own qualities and identity simply as clothes. In every day life, clothes are a crucial element in the self presentation of specific wearers, along with their gestures, deportment, language, lifestyle etc. When we encounter them in shops and when they are not being worn they are disembodied abstracted from specific use. Hence, clothes have to be granted a niche of their own, a right to be considered autonomously as well designed, original, i ngenious and even beautiful. To this fact, I could relate fashion that has emerged as a separate entity which has changed the whole direction of male fashion. Fashion, has its own history and its involvement of the interaction between designer and client or consumer has launched many a choice. Whether directly or indirectly, patterns

Baxter Manufacturing Essay Example for Free

Baxter Manufacturing Essay Baxter Manufacturing Company (BMC) is a metal stampings company. Its major customers include, Ford, General Motors, Honda of America, General Electric and Whirlpool. The company is made up of two divisions it makes brackets and other components that go into the finished product, they also make motor casings. BMC employees about 420 non-union employees and has been steadily growing for the last 6 years. They have been approached to build a factory in Mexico, and settled on building in Queretaro, which is about a 3-hour drive north of Mexico City. Don Collins, who is the MIS manager, felt that since a new plant was being built with top of the line equipment and computer systems that they might be able to implement a system upgrade for the entire company. One of the problems was that BMC wanted the new system implemented by the end of the year. Given the quick deadline they decided to focus on support for the Mexico plant, a felt that the following approaches: 1. Connect the Mexican plant to BMC’s existing systems through a high-speed communications line   2.  Contract through an application service provider (ASP) to provide systems support to the Mexican plant. 3. Employ a piecemeal solution where they would acquire a number of software packages that could run on the networked PC’s in Mexico that would serve the basic needs of the Mexican plant. (MIS) The task force team ran into difficulties with language and cultural differences, the mindset of the employees and Mexico and the long distances between them. They met with resistance and self pride from the Mexican employees and were unable to communicate effectively with them. Target As a result of the lack of communication and the language differences the task force decided to go with option 3. They were working on locating vendors to provide support and with basic language software to help the employees stateside. The main issues that they are having are support for the systems and training for the equipment. By outsourcing some or all of ts IT work to a company that is familiar with the language and culture it could help expedite the time of getting the plant operational. In addition developing a training program that could be taught companywide could help benefit the entire company. Proposal One of the main issues that BMC is looking for is international support. They are been unable to work directly with its own employees due to the language barrier that it faces. By using a company like Unisys, they could provide the infrastructure support, business service support and many other features. They offer support in English and Spanish and could help ease the burden of the local IT department. Unisys could also implement a Cloud, in which the entire company could use to help transfer information to and from different locations. â€Å"Business forces have caused IT to try to figure out how to provide flexible services faster, but, without large, up front investments. Unisys has a number of cloud solutions for providing the necessary flexibility and responsiveness needed to achieve significant business value. † (Unisys) A great deal of time has gone into the development of this plant, but an equal or greater part must be present in training of the employees. In order for the plant to be fully operational at the level that is required by MBC, a training program must be designed. They would benefit greatly by having management train with how BMC currently runs its operation. By also setting up a video conferencing line they could help problem solve over the computer and or phone lines helping eliminate the distance between the two plants.

Boots secures its Wellbeing Essay -- essays research papers

Boots secures its Wellbeing The Wellbeing Web site, launched by Boots and Granada, had to establish systems to identify and screen out online fraudsters without inconveniencing its genuine customers. Susan Amos reports When chemist Boots and leisure giant Granada launched Wellbeing.com, a Web site that sells goods ranging from toothbrushes to exercise bikes, they realised that like all major online shopping ventures it faced a significant threat from fraudsters. They wanted to make it easy for genuine consumers to buy, while keeping fraudsters at bay those who use computer-generated credit card numbers to buy goods, and do not pay for them. When an order is placed on Wellbeing.com, its bank, Barclays Merchant Services, checks that the credit card number is genuine, that the card is not stolen and that there are funds available. However, this system provides little safeguard against a number being used fraudulently if the card has not been stolen. To add further checks, Wellbeing turned to Texas-based ClearCommerce's Enterprise Merchant Engine an integrated fraud management system. Kevin Figgitt, third party operations manager at Wellbeing, says Enterprise Merchant Engine is very easy to use. 'You set up a number of rules. According to what the customer types in, it returns codes and you can decide what action to take for each response code,' he says. The software can refer a customer to a contact centre to complete a transaction or block purchases entirely. The eng...

Plato: Knowledge Essay

We all continue to learn new things in life day in by day out; incessantly increasing our knowledge is essential to sustain man’s life path on this earth. Knowledge can be sought in different ways but to truly seek knowledge, one has to read, understand through experience and believe what the word of God says about faith. Acquiring knowledge through our five senses and faith, both give us insight on competing ways of getting at the truth. A person who reads, write and believes in the word of God will become rich with knowledge but the latter will not. Moreover, in order to achieve knowledge, one has to be taught it or teach him or herself (because humans are not born with the ability of knowing; they must acquire it) through observation and reasoning through faith. Different views exhibit on how knowledge is achieved. One may say through common sense and observation, while another may say through teachers and peers. According to the philosopher Plato in Plato’s Allegory of the Cave, â€Å"Certain professors of education must be wrong when they say that they can put knowledge into the soul which was not there before, like sight into blindness. The power and capacity of learning exists in the soul already; and that just as the eye was unable to turn from darkness to light without the whole body, so too the instrument of knowledge can only by the movement of the whole soul be turned from the world of becoming into that of being. † In making this comment, this Greek philosopher argues that, everyone has the capacity to learn because knowledge is present in the soul thus we all can acquire knowledge and wisdom by recollecting and putting together what in fact the soul already knows. Plato is right that humans have the aptitude to gain knowledge, but he seems on more dubious ground when he claims that knowledge is already present in one’s soul. I find this to be unconvincing because humans seek education to learn something which they didn’t already know. For example an adolescent may ponder upon why the hairs on his arms and legs grow very short while the opposite occurs on his or her head. But through an education in biology in his or her later years, he or she will come to find out that each hair follicle on one’s body part will grow different depending on where it is located on the body part. The young adolescent never had this knowledge about hair follicles till he was taught it. So therefore, knowledge doesn’t already exist in the soul. One has to gain it in order to have it but we all have the ability to achieve it if we put in effort. In regards to observation, reasoning through faith must also be looked into to fully attain the knowledge that is essential to lead the best life and attain happiness. Observations only gives us half of the knowledge we need to acquire, faith gives us the rest. In Scully’s view from the X-Files, â€Å"As much as I have my faith, Father, I am a scientist, trained to weigh evidence. But science only teaches us how†¦ not why. † In other words, Scully is saying that, knowledge without faith leads us only half way†¦ we have to come full circle in order to completely gain absolute knowledge. I agree that this statement is true because without faith, one’s knowledge is worthless. For example, before Copernicus, most scientists believed that the earth was the center of the universe, thus the sun revolved around the earth. But through faith and reasoning, Copernicus came to conclude that it was rather the earth that revolved around the sun, making the universe we live in heliocentric; and his jurisdiction is held to be true till this day. The two concepts go hand in hand; one cannot achieve absolute knowledge without faith and reasoning/observation. In order to achieve knowledge through faith, we must walk through the ways of our spiritual leader. In The Francis Trilogy of Thomas of Celano, Thomas of Celano writes, â€Å"Ah! Inclined and strengthened by the Holy Spirit the blessed servant of the Most High, seeing that the appointed time was at hand, followed that blessed impulse of his soul. Thus, as he trampled upon worldly things, he made his way to the greatest good. † In other words, Thomas of Celano is saying that, St. Francis detached himself from matters of the world by following Christ, who fortified him with the Holy Cross and the Holy Spirit enabling him to transform his worldly ways to resemble the will of God, thus St. Francis gained his faith through the knowledge of the word of God. In order for St. Francis to have faith, he had to have knowledge of God, which he acquired through his experience; asking God for enlightenment and through the visions he had that directed his will to God’s. Reason and faith leads to wisdom and knowledge, without it, the knowledge that one acquires is corrupt and useless. Others may disagree saying that one can still have knowledge without faith, but knowledge without faith leads you nowhere because you still haven’t really gained full understanding of the subject matter.

Dominant Ideology Thesis

The dominant ideology of a society is the collection of values, attitudes, and beliefs that shape the way it views reality. However, sociologists argue that the dominant ideology is only one of a multitude of ideologies at play and that its preeminence is the only aspect that distinguishes it from other competing viewpoints. In Marxism Sociologists differ on how the dominant ideology manifests itself. Theorists influenced by the writings of Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels maintain that the dominant ideology always represents the interests of the ruling class over the workers. For example, the ideology of ancient Egypt that represented the pharaoh as a living god and therefore infallible clearly expressed the interests of the pharaoh, his dynasty, and his entourage. The dominant ideology of bourgeois capitalism functions the same way. There are two ways by which the dominant ideology is perpetuated, according to Marx. Intentional propagation is the work of cultural elites within the ruling class: its writers and intellectuals, who then use mass media to disseminate their ideas.Spontaneous propagations happen when the mass media environment is so total in its efficacy that its basic tenets are unquestioned. Self-censorship among knowledge workers, artists, and others ensures that the dominant ideology is unchallenged and the status quo remains Of course, Marx and Engels predicted that revolutionary consciousness would sweep away such ideologies that kept power from the masses. For example, unionizing and collective actions would upset the world views propagated by the dominant ideology, as these are representations of a working-class ideology.

Book Review The Actor as a Storyteller by Bruce Miller

The performance and suspension of disbelief from the book The Actor as a Story Teller by Bruce Miller. Technical stylistics can make any scene seem convincing. It is up to the actor, however, to make that scene come alive and to do so the actor has to be consistent in his behavior and mannerisms. Bruce Miller argues that directors of a movie or show can suspend the audiences belief in the reality of any possible scene. An ape for instance can climb the Twin Towers and make audiences gasp believing in the reality of the ape even though, of course, such a spectacle is extremely unlikely to happen. Other futuristic productions such as Spielbergs Jurassic Park or any one of Ray Bradburys scientific tales can have the same effect. What is it that makes audiences suspend their belief and accept the reality of the movie? Argues Miller (p.31) that it is the consistency of the actors approach throughout; that he is so able to sink into the character of the movie that he consistently comes across as such even when his face may be bundled for huge segments of the production as happened with Ralph Fiennes in The English Patient. It seems to me that this acting consistency must be a factor that needs to be present in all sorts of productions, visual as non-visual. I am for instance reminded of the radio show of Wells War of the Gods in the 1950s where the retelling was so compelling and real that the people actually rushed out and packed preparing to flee the city inShow MoreRelatedOrganisational Theory230255 Words   |  922 Pages. Organization Theory Challenges and Perspectives John McAuley, Joanne Duberley and Phil Johnson . This book is, to my knowledge, the most comprehensive and reliable guide to organisational theory currently available. What is needed is a text that will give a good idea of the breadth and complexity of this important subject, and this is precisely what McAuley, Duberley and Johnson have provided. They have done some sterling service in bringing together the very diverse strands of workRead MoreStephen P. Robbins Timothy A. Judge (2011) Organizational Behaviour 15th Edition New Jersey: Prentice Hall393164 Words   |  1573 PagesOne Lake Street, Upper Saddle River, New Jersey 07458, or you may fax your request to 201-236-3290. Many of the designations by manufacturers and sellers to distinguish their products are claimed as trademarks. Where those designations appear in this book, and the publisher was aware of a trademark claim, the designations have been printed in initial caps or all caps. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Robbins, Stephen P. Organizational behavior / Stephen P. Robbins, Timothy A. Judge

The World Surrounding The Oil Industry - 1070 Words

Oil. The very word brings mixed emotions to the mind the minute it is spoken, but with good reason. This single substance has the power to run the entire world, and this is exactly what it is doing. The foothold that oil has on our society can be seen every day with the millions of people worldwide who rely on it to power their cars to their destinations. So how can something that so many people depend on suddenly plummet in price so rapidly? Is the age of oil coming to an end? These questions that demand a deeper investigation into the world surrounding the oil industry. As for the price of all goods and services, the price of oil is driven by supply and demand. Furthermore, the price of oil is also driven by many other factors such as†¦show more content†¦This leads to a lower demand, and removal of the cost of shipping oil overseas. With this in mind, it is easy to see that with a local supplier the oil industry has created a surplus of crude oil, thus pushing prices down in order for these companies to compete with their competitors (economist). All of these factors took a role in the recent drop in oil prices, but the simplest explanation lies in the laws of supply and demand. Quite simply, a higher supply has led to a lower demand for oil. This is driven by the fact that the domestic oil production in the United States has almost doubled in recent years. Countries such as Saudi Arabia, Nigeria, and Algeria who used to sell oil to the United States are now being forced to find customers in different markets, but they continue to produce oil in record numbers. Worldwide production of oil is increasing at a rate that is out growing the demand for oil, which causes the price to drop in order for these companies to continue to gain revenue. (nytimes) On top of this, the demand for oil has also began to lag because vehicles are becoming more and more energy-efficient every day. (nytimes) All of these factors pushed the oil industry to its limit when pr ices reached a new low. Oil prices took a drastic plunge in February of 2016, the largest recorded plunge in recent years. The price per barrel dropped from the June 2014 peak of almost $108 a barrel to a record low $26.21 in February (CNN1). Yet, why

Music Theory free essay sample

One of the most famous pieces during the medieval period was O Planarians Virgo, which was composed by Hildebrand von Binge during ca 1140- 1179. The purpose of this heavenly chant was to give praise to the Blessed Virgin Mary and hymns were the form of this Christian chant. However, the form of O primitivism Virgo did not fit the traditional hymn pattern. Instead of having a regular number of lines and syllables per line, none had a regular number of lines per stanza or syllables per line.In spite of this, the chant was apparently strophic with successive verses all beginning with melodic phrases. In all, the form of o Vulgarisms Virgo was relatively vague compared to other hymns of the times. The piece consisted of only one melody, performed by male voices in sync without any instrumental sounds. In addition, the tone of the piece was modal with tonic pitch of G and the third above It. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page Since the dynamics of the piece maintained from mezzo Plano to mezzo forte without sudden or drastic dynamics changes, the piece flowed smoothly creating a great pleasure to the listeners.I enjoyed the smoothness f the piece and the descending scalar passages greatly adopted throughout the music. However, I did not appreciate much of the free style of the stanzas and the short breaks between each stanza. Non Aver Ambient Quests Ml Donna by Francesco Landing Non Aver Maples Quests Ml Donna was one of the well-known pieces created by simple form of homophony in the early medieval period, Non Aver Ambient Quests Aim Donna was a 3-part ballet with a solo female voice and two accompanying male vices forming a polyphonic rhythm.Each voice was independent yet formed a great harmony throughout the piece. There was no instrumental element in the piece but the mixture of upscale and downscale progressions of the different voices enhanced the fullness of the music compared to ones in the early medieval period. The form of the piece was more definite than the earlier works and there was a clear indication of strophic verses, which is the last stanzas repeating the beginning stanzas. However, the performing style was still indefinite during that period, which gave much power to performers on how to interpret the music.The purpose of this piece was to express the sorrow of love instead of the evenly praise of Christianity in the earlier periods. The suave harmony had a quite fast tempo and the tempo remained largo throughout the piece. Also, there were small breaks between stanzas occasionally, much less in frequency and in length compared to the previous piece. The swift tempo and the steady dynamics, which Nas maintained at mezzo forte for the most parts of the piece, constructed a smooth feeling to the listeners. Concerto No. 1 in E major, Pop. 8, REV 269 Allegro by Antonio Vivaldi Concerto No. In E major, Pop. 8, REV 269 Allegro was the first part in Antonio Vivaldi most famous work The Four Seasons and it was one of the best-known pieces of the Baroque music. The Four Seasons (Italian: Eel Equator Stagnation) was a set of the first four violin concertos composed in 1723. Instead of using the human voices to perform the melody, the classical string instruments, such as violins and cellos, created a form called string ensemble to enrich the melody of the piece. The piece Nas performed in E major with different melodies, usually more than two, mixing together to create a great harmony.There were many repetitions in the measures of he piece, sometimes with parallel rhythms in different keys. And the fast and cherry tempo created a light and grateful feeling, which was in sync with the theme of spring in this piece. It employed duple meter throughout the Allegro piece and formed a steady but light sense. The dynamics changes of the piece were very drastic, ranging from piano to forte, creating clear images to the listeners. The cherry tone of the music was my favorite part of the concerto and the great contrast between the first and second violins or violins and basses has drawn me into the theme the music provided.However, the abrupt start of the piece was one of my least favorite parts of the piece because it seemed too sudden and strong to be the introduction of the whole concerto. Symphony No. 41 in C major, K. 551 Allegro vice by Wolfgang Mozart The 41st Symphony in C major, K. 551 was the last of a set of three Mozart composed in rapid succession during the summer of 1788. It was his last symphony and it was also known as the Jupiter Symphony. There were many instrumental elements involved in the piece, including piano, first violins, second violins, oboes, flutes, trumpets, and trombones.The general mood for the piece was glorious with The first movement of the symphony, which was the Allegro vice, was a good example for a C major trumpet-symphony tradition. It took the form of a militaristic march with a distinctive duple meter of 4/4. The opening was very loud and strong, setting the tone for the rest of the piece. Also, the brass emphasized the tonic of C followed by the first violins. The dynamics changes were drastic throughout the piece Ninth numerous contrasting motifs. Then, the contrasting motifs expanded and developed, which led to the stormy theme in C minor.Secondly, the purpose of the music has changed greatly throughout the years. In the early medieval period, the majority of music was written for the purpose of religious needs. For example, many chants are written to praise God or the Virgin Mary. However, the purpose of music widen as the evolution continued. It gradually expanded to praising humanity and nature in the mid sass, then, exponentially developed into any themes that the composers liked to express. In addition, the dynamics of the piece became more drastic while the performances were required to be more precise.In the early ages, most European hanta were performed freely by the singers and the dynamics were mainly kept smooth with numerous breaks between stanzas. However, as the music written notations matured, the composers were able to express its work in a more precise manner, which required performers to strictly follow the written notations. In short, the music has become more complex and rich in numerous areas, such as forms, rhythms, dynamics, themes, and written notations. Although the earlier music was not as popular as the contemporary pieces, it was still crucial to the history of music because it captured the evolution of the music. Music Theory free essay sample Beth Deniers is an associate professor in the Composition Department at Berkeley College of Music. Her music has been performed throughout the U. S. And in Canada, Mexico, Greece, Ukraine, Russia, China, and Thailand, and recorded by Justas, Albany, and Interval record labels. Consider music from the Medieval, Renaissance, Baroque, Classical, Romantic, and multiple melodic lines to create effective music. This is counterpoint. The term counterpoint refers to two or more independent melodic lines working together to create music.In contrapuntal music-? music created using counterpoint-?each of the oldies works independently as well as together. Together these melodies create a texture called polyphony. Polyphony and counterpoint have been around for about 1,000 years and are at the root of melody and harmony in Western music. You may already be thinking about how good it sounds in contemporary popular music when the bass and lead lines complement each other Just right. This happens when 1) each line stands independently as an effective melodic line and 2) both lines stand together, keeping their independence, but also creating a great sound when heard together. We will write a custom essay sample on Music Theory or any similar topic specifically for you Do Not WasteYour Time HIRE WRITER Only 13.90 / page This is counterpoint. The term texture is used to describe the relative thickness or thinness of musical sound. Musical textures, like the texture of fabric, can be rough or smooth, simple or complex, dense or sparse. Here are three basic musical textures, only one of which defines counterpoint: Monophonic-?A solo melody, Just one line of music. This is the simplest musical texture. (From the Greek: mono-?one; and phony-?sound or voice. ) Common monophonic performances include a solo singer or performer on a monophonic instrument like a flute or trumpet. 2.Homophony-?A melody with chords, like a song; a harmonize 3 melody. The chords (harmonies) do not stand on their own as independent melodies but are heard as sound shapes supporting or harmonize the single melody, often in the same rhythm as the melody. (From the A portion of the Winchester Trooper Counterpoint has been evolving in Western music for about 1,000 years. One of the earliest examples is found in the Winchester Trooper from the 1 lath century, and contrapuntal continues writing today, as in the music of Estonian Greek: homo-?same; and phony-?sound or voice. Homophony is the dominant by a lead vocalist over a choral background provided by the band. Composer Rave Part. Today, counterpoint is everywhere, even in popular music. Its influence can be heard in pop music such as the Beetles Paperback Writer, progressive rock artists like Emerson, Lake Palmer and King Crimson, and even in the mosque concrete aspects of hip-hop. Taking a contrapuntal perspective on music means that you are looking at it horizontally-?via melody-?but are also taking into consideration the vertical (harmonic) sounds or implications of this simultaneous melodic motion.Still, the texture of counterpoint remains: Two or more melodic layers maintain their independence while creating desirable harmonies. Find a piece of music you like and think of at least two of the topics that generally describe the sound of your selection. For example, you might say the music is homophobic and consonant, as in a pretty song with melody and simple chords. Or you may say the heavy metal guitar solo is dissonant and polyphonic with the bass guitar. 3. Polyphony-?More than one melody happening at the same time.When the late Jazz guitar legend Tall Barlow explained his motivation to randomize standard tunes, he replied with this twist on an old adage: If it into broke, fix it anyway. And so it goes. In the world of artists of all mediums and disciplines, the musician is most audacious when it comes to altering anothers creation. Imagine an artist taking a palette of paints and a brush to the Museum of Fine Arts and painting an extra nose on a Picasso masterpiece? Or someone putting a hat on Rodings implies bronze and marble sculpture The Thinker?Scandalous, to say the least And possibly resulting in some Jail time! However, the history of Jazz performance and arranging, as well as European classical tradition, as exemplified by Rhapsody on There are instances in which the randomized song is considered so superior to the original chord changes that the new version becomes the standard harmonic form-? which, in turn, becomes subjected to further variation. The Victor Young classic Stella By Starlight and the Burke/Van Houses standard Like Someone In Love are excellent examples of new standards.Can you imagine what a cocktail pianist, who has been on the same five-night-a-week gig for ten years, would have to endure if some kind of harmonic liberty was not taken with the repertoire? Maybe Romanization contrib utes to good mental health for the performer. No matter how you frame it, Romanization has a long-standing tradition in the world of Jazz and material from the standard repertoire where Theme of Paginating by Rachmaninoff, is filled with players and writers whose creative intention could be distilled down to Talls response. 6 Romanization can place the ordinary into an extraordinary setting.There may also be situations in which the melody and chords may not be in vertical agreement -?a change in the harmony may be called for. For the improvising player, Romanization is regarded as improvising harmonies to a fixed melody line-?the opposite of melodic improvisation. For the improviser who is soloing melodically within the standard framework of the chord changes of a tune, the various substitution and approach and techniques learned in this course superimposed against the rhythm section accompaniment can be applied to great effect.For a Romanization to be acceptable to the listener, there are two relatively absolute conditions: 1. 2. The melody must be recognizable. The harmony must be logical and familiar. This means that little or no melodic embellishment is used and the harmony is resourced from common practice chord patterns of standard popular repertoire. There will always be exceptions to these conditions, but until further notice, these will be absolutes. Depending on his or her listening experiences, the average non- musician has a catalog of common, internalized harmonic progressions that may be more limited than those of the professional musician.

The improvement in technology

Introduction The past decade has seen business trends receive a great upgrade due to the influx of technology. The improvement in technology has greatly affected the methods means and manner in which businesses choose to conduct their activities. Technology has been the greatest determinant of business growth for a variety of reasons.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The improvement in technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More The better technology the industry has, the greater the computing power and in effect the faster, persuasive and competitive the product becomes. Technology facilitates an effective harness of talent, resources and ideas from the organisations structure (Boorsma Wolfgang 2007, p9). Today the influx of virtual business enabled by various technological business modules and vehicles has created a new approach to decision-making as well as business-to-business marketing. It would be difficult to ignore the prevalence of business modules such as Facebook which have flourished through social networking to secure a subscriber network of over 400 million people across the globe. Driven by a cost cutting objective technology continues to present new deployment methods which are aimed at reducing the cost of acquisition, maintenance as well upgrade of the technology adopted. This has made them a more attractive option as compared to alternative models and approaches to doing business. Cloud computing for example has opened a window of opportunities for majority if not all business players by offering new approaches to the concept of demand and supply. The consumer on his part is provided a variety of ways to derive utility from products, the entrepreneur also get an opportunity to expand their expansion ambitions to new markets breaching the geographical and structural limitations (Boorsma Wolfgang 2007, p9). Companies and businesses therefore have to make important decision s on how much investment to make in technology and in the transformation of the business models to harness new opportunities presented by new technology Markets operating a business-to-business model are characterised by a rather long and complicated buying process that is complicated further by the high costs of operation involved. It therefore follows that the model demands a fare share of objective and purposeful personalised communication. Traditionally the communication models used have been the face-to-face approach due to their convenience speed and immediate response ability.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More They have also been commonly used due to their flexibility in delivery of the message. The parties can customize the message to accommodate a change in circumstance as well as new circumstances. This is greatly attributed to the oligopolistic nature of these markets presenting a highly imbalanced seller to buyer ration. These aspects have been responsible for the general trend and direction of the business-to-business models. As De Pelsmacker et al (2004, p59) puts it the general trend has been to focus on personal selling alongside trade shows as the central marketing elements. Others suggest alternatives methods such as advertisements in business journals as the most appropriate methods of informing the consumer of the availability of a specific brand for their choosing and purchase. Despite the effectiveness of these methods however the emergence of new business marketing methods and options such as direct mail, online market strategies as well as database management have created a great indifference for managers and executives. They have to make investment decisions between expensive technologies that have a promise of high results and run the risk of obsolesce of the technology as opposed to sticking to the traditional methods of marketing and consumer outreach approaches. I will examine how the emerging technology and communication has affected the business-to-business buying process and decision-making. Argument A long-standing measure of a successful entrepreneur is their ability to organise groups of market participants to create a market. The influx of technology has created a reliable and viable method of doing just that through the internet in the context of internet marketing. The digital revolution has infected the marketing process with a wave of transformation that has progressively increased over the past few years. The digital influence on the various market and market players has fuelled an enthusiasm that is directed at the various digital options and choices in business models. This revolution has also been of great help to entrepreneurs and sellers who get an opportunity to centralise their efforts to embrace the consumer based business models. This therefore increases their level of consumer service by blending various digital options and elements. Digital marketing is however very different from internet marketing and is often but erroneously mistaken to mean the latter. Generally, internet marketing is a typical example of digital marketing since the tools of digital marketing include the internet alongside other related tools such as television channels, cell phones as well as wireless networks and connections.Advertising We will write a custom essay sample on The improvement in technology specifically for you for only $16.05 $11/page Learn More These tools if well employed have a great capacity to influence the buyer’s decision on whether to buy or not to buy or not. The buyer will be more convinced by a good presentation format that is technologically compliant with the recent trends that relate with them and express a futuristic impression. This however requires great monetary investment as well as strict and proper management to be a ble to achieve results. The technology for example must be compatible with the organisations goals objectives and strategy to avoid conflict and retrogressive or irrelevant technologies. As such, innovation in technology keeps presenting new opportunities and methods of engagement in the buying process and decision-making. This however comes at its own cost. From open source software developers to social network streamers such as Facebook and Twitter the market has switched digital. The open source websites boast of over 68 million bloggers who participate in product evaluation and in the distribution of product information. Customer relations have therefore been greatly enhanced through digital innovation. The players in the business-to-business market have an opportunity to instantly respond to each other’s questions fears and suggestions. A company therefore, lowers the cost of serving its customers by investing in an operational and suitable Web based customer service sol ution. This option allows the company to monitor its performance through the number of complains or complementary comments it receives through the customer service tool. Innovation in technology has gone an extra mile by offering a word of mouth Web based marketing option that allows buyers to share their experience with the specific product for others to see and hear. Sellers on the other hand get to explain verbatim the additional facilities offered by their product over and above their competitors (Immelt, Govindarajan Trimble 2009, p57). In the near future therefore the buy or sell decision will greatly rely on how good the technology conveys the information between the participants of such a market. Technology therefore has created an opportunity to tap into communities and create value from the formed groupings. This therefore implies that companies must comprehensively research before engaging with a potential service provider in relation to technology.Advertising Looking for essay on other technology? Let's see if we can help you! Get your first paper with 15% OFF Learn More Successful communication is a two way process with feed forward and feedback. Technology has also facilitated communication between the buyers and sellers by allowing the parties to supply feedback on the various concerns raised by the participants. This maintains a continuing participation and stimulates the level of commitment by the parties to the buying and selling decisions. As previously discussed, technology has allowed organisations to breach their limits in manpower, resource and geography through technological implements. Research suggests that this attribute of technological influence taps into a world of talent allowing companies to sustain flexibility and create volatility in business relations. Technology has rendered the market more porous allowing companies to work above the constraints of corporate infrastructure. In the past, this has been seen to work very well especially during the economic recession that left most companies with few workable option thereby causi ng companies to push for sustainable networks (Gawer 2010). Typically, the quality of talent an organisation can access in resolving technical client problems would be constrained by the company’s resources being structural and economic. An engineering company for instance,is only as good as its best engineer and therefore it can only be as good as the best salary it can offer to its engineers as the best ones come at a price. Technology has however made it easier for a manager to map knowledge sources with information hubs and a worldwide staff. This facilitates better utilisation of talent and increases the quality of unit innovation among its operation units. The various projects a manager undertakes are therefore authorised and assessed by the best of the best among experts in the specific specialty through the global network. This approach draws input from all calibres of employees ranging from fresh graduates to retirees. A good example of these labour markets is the Me chanical Turk courtesy of Amazon.com which specializes in selling expertise and consultancy as well as problem solving (Prahalad 2009). Despite this advantage and growth potential, management conservatism and bureaucracy still confines most companies to the talent and quality of its full time employees whose limits go only as far as the organisations’ structure. Technological advancement and innovation continue to offer new options every other day. In the near future, these options will be too many and the big question will be one of collaboration. It is important to ensure that any such engaged resource is exploited to its full potential. Essentially different innovations have different potential and capacities. The efficiency however depends on the collaboration of resources in the organisation. The collaboration leads to economies of scale and capacity. Teleconferencing and video conferencing for example has worked as a cost effective tool that saves on time and travel cos ts for the selling managers and business consultants. It also allows for more flexibility in the organisations capacity. The buyer’s decision to buy is therefore greatly influenced by convincing the sales executive in the video conference session. The buying process therefore still maintains an aspect of the interpersonal contact and dimension. In any buying process, the participants will always be concerned about history, authenticity and a promise of future consistency in service delivery. The transactions need to be authenticated to create assurance and confidence. The traditional approach would be for the participants to test, see or try the commodity before buying. Technology has facilitated automation of this process through the adoption of the radiofrequency identification and similar technologies. These create an information system that has assets in the form of elements of the system. One good such example is in the insurance industry where a company can keep account of the driver’s behaviour for the purpose of evaluation of their risk profile and for the purpose of payment of compensation should the risk materialize (Barabasi 2009). Technology has increased the accessories of the buying decision by allowing parties to offer guarantees of safety and an assurance of quality. More advanced innovation has enabled proactive action in luxury automobiles to engage intelligent action just before an accident occurs. In the medical industry the innovation has created an opportunity for cheaper more effective medical surveillance and protective mechanism against diseases and preventable illnesses. The process involves body implants that keep a record of body changes for the purpose of medical adjustments and medical prescription observation and supervision. The information collected allows for a more proper diagnosis of body problems. This not only guarantees the authenticity of products in the buying process but also guarantees safety. A good buy decision relies on the level of information relied on by the decision maker. This information would ordinarily be available only if gathered manually from the field or through trial and experimentation. These however are timely and expensive engagements that need not be undertaken thanks to technological innovation. Commonly referred to as the â€Å"big data,† the information system alternative offers access to smart assets for the buyer to choose from coupled with product information to facilitate their evaluation and information to ensure that the buyer’s expectations are adequately met. This allows the buyer to evaluate different product combinations at a lower cost as opposed to physical examination and testing or sampling. Technology has also allowed specialists, analysts and marketers to conduct purpose based trials and experiments on product combinations depending on customer expectations. The customers’ expectations are gathered from the social media we bsites and product review search engines. The experiment involves putting product combination for the discussion review and evaluation by the consumers (Thomke 2001, p66). Their responses through blogs and comments on these websites create a rating mechanism for these product combinations. These have also been used to adjust prices on a periodic basis to conform to the prevailing circumstances and the data provided by real-time data monitors on social media. From a corporate responsibility perspective, the buying process in certain circumstances caused environmental stress. This is partially due to the depletion of the existing resources and partially due to the waste generated by the process. Technology has facilitated a change in the level of responsibility of the participants of the business market by offering environmental friendly alternatives that go towards conservation and preservation of resources. The green data movement for instance, creates an opportunity to conserve ene rgy by developing environmental friendly implements that have automated energy saving mechanisms. Undeniably, the responsibility to preserve the environment falls on all and every stakeholder. Technology has therefore facilitated the principles of sustainability in the buying process by facilitating cost sharing and harmonised action (McAfee 2009). The mitigation mechanisms offered by technology also provide a quantity analysis. This information can be used in the monitoring supervision and reporting of the benefits as weighed against the damage contributed by information technology. Every company looks to reduce its fixed costs which account for the least possible price they can quote for the consumer. Business to business customers specifically invest in cost cutting alternatives and are more willing to maintain a cost as variable and terminable as opposed to a determinate fixed cost. Transport for instance, can be fixed or variable depending on the approach adopted. If a consumer acquires a bus they write it off as a fixed cost distributed evenly over the useful life of the product. In the alternative, technology has allowed for a re- evaluation of this product into a service where the consumer can acquire the purpose of the product as opposed to the physical product its self. The input of technology has allowed companies such as City Carshare to create a value added market for transportation services as an alternative to the purchase of transport equipment. The transportation service is easier to a count for and is more reliable and takes a corporate value approach. The cost then changes to a variable cost, which is adjusted on a periodic basis. It is also a more economical approach since the service is only paid for when it is rendered and it is paid for in the same measure of utility. This has changed the business-to-business concept through outsourcing which draws from the indefinite global resource. Transactions and business decisions gain value throug h interaction and exchange of information and communication. The traditional business model relies on the face-to-face interaction communication and information exchange. Technology has however transformed the business-to-business model to a multisided business model from a two-side model by allowing a three-way transaction. The advertising aspect in a newspaper allows newspapers to generate their revenue while still offering the users content. This creates a reliable market of defined sellers and many consumers in which case the consumers are segmented based on the side of the transaction and the benefit they expect to derive (Carr 2009). Relevance and suitability of a product are serious considerations in the buying decision. Therefore, the appropriateness of a service or product to a specific consumer environment and circumstance goes a long way in persuading the consumer to acquire or purchase the product. Technology has allowed the business-to-business communication process to adjust to the specific situations and circumstances through different user interfaces that adjust in language circumstance and conditions. The financial sector business to business model has greatly advanced in rural Africa through retail banking under the M-Pesa module that offers a connection between bank accounts and cell phones allowing up to 8 million to access banking services. The use of virtual cash services allows the users to access funds even in remote areas by visiting licensed shops. It is also a multisided method that allows companies to transfer funds to each other and to their employees and from employees to the companies and institutions such as banks (Bryan Joyce 2007). Conclusion The future of technology in business is bright as new methods of operation and interaction continue to emerge. The impact of technology on business transactions and decisions will also continue to gradually increase creating a dependent relationship in regard to decision making choice an d preference (Brynjolfsson Saunders 2009). Technology creates a capacity and opportunity for competitive advantage. The message is clear, organisations should acknowledge the role if innovation and technology in the business process as a strategy towards growth and competitive advantage (Malone 2004). References Barabasi A 2009, How Everything is Connected to Everything Else and What It Means for Business, Science, and Everyday Life, Plume, New York. Boorsma, B Wolfgang W 2007, ‘Connected urban development, Innovation for sustainability’, NATOA Journal, Volume 15, Number 4, pp.5–9. Bryan, L, Joyce C, 2007, Mobilizing Minds, Creating Wealth from Talent in the 21st-Century Organization, McGraw-Hill, New York. Brynjolfsson, E., Saunders, A 2009, Wired for Innovation, How Information Technology is Reshaping the Economy, The MIT Press, Cambridge. Carr, N 2009, The Big Switch, Rewiring the World, from Edison to Google, Norton Company, New York. De Pelsmacker, P., Geuens, M. Van den Bergh, J 2004, Marketing communications: a European perspective. Pearson Education. Essex. Gawer A 2010, Platforms, Markets and Innovation, Edward Elgar Publishing, Cheltenham. Immelt, R., Govindarajan, V Trimble, C 2009, ‘How GE is disrupting itself’, Harvard Business Review, Volume 87, Number 10, pp. 56–65. Malone, T 2004, The Future of Work, How the New Order of Business Will Shape Your Organization, Your Management Style, and Your Life, MA, Harvard Business Press, Cambridge. McAfee, A 2009, Enterprise 2.0, New Collaborative Tools for Your Organization’s Toughest Challenges, Harvard Business School Press, Cambridge. Prahalad, C 2009, The Fortune at the Bottom of the Pyramid, Eradicating Poverty Through Profits, Wharton School Publishing, Philadelphia. Thomke, S 2001, ‘Enlightened experimentation, The new imperative for innovation’, Harvard Business Review, Volume 79, Number 2, pp. 66–75. This essay on The improvement in technology was written and submitted by user Abb1ga1l to help you with your own studies. You are free to use it for research and reference purposes in order to write your own paper; however, you must cite it accordingly. You can donate your paper here.